500 Lines or Less

"What I cannot create, I do not understand."

-- Richard Feynman

This is the source for the book 500 Lines or Less, the fourth in the Architecture of Open Source Applications series. As with other books in the series, all written material will be covered by the Creative Commons - Attribution license, and all code by the MIT License: please see the license description for details. In addition, all royalties from paid-for versions will all go to Amnesty International.

The production of this book has been made possible by the financial support of PagerDuty.

PagerDuty Logo

Mission

Every architect studies family homes, apartments, schools, and other common types of buildings during her training. Equally, every programmer ought to know how a compiler turns text into instructions, how a spreadsheet updates cells, and how a database efficiently persists data.

Previous books in the AOSA series have done this by describing the high-level architecture of several mature open-source projects. While the lessons learned from those stories are valuable, they are sometimes difficult to absorb for programmers who have not yet had to build anything at that scale.

"500 Lines or Less" focuses on the design decisions and tradeoffs that experienced programmers make when they are writing code:

  • Why divide the application into these particular modules with these particular interfaces?
  • Why use inheritance here and composition there?
  • How do we predict where our program might need to be extended, and how can we make that easy for other programmers?

Each chapter consists of a walkthrough of a program that solves a canonical problem in software engineering in at most 500 source lines of code. We hope that the material in this book will help readers understand the varied approaches that engineers take when solving problems in different domains, and will serve as a basis for projects that extend or modify the contributions here.

Contributors

Name Affiliation Project Online GitHub
Mike DiBernardo Wave editorial MichaelDiBernardo
Amy Brown indie editorial amyrbrown
Allison Kaptur Dropbox byterun akaptur
Audrey Tang g0v.tw, Socialtext, Apple spreadsheet audreyt
Brandon Rhodes Dropbox contingent brandon-rhodes
Carl Friedrich Bolz King's College London object model cfbolz
Cate Huston   Image Filter app catehstn
Christian Muise University of Melbourne flow-shop haz
Daniel Jackson   same-origin-policy    
Daniel Rocco BrightLink Technology contingent drocco007
Dann Toliver Bento Box dagoba dxnn
Dessy Daskalov Nudge Rewards Pedometer dessy
Dethe Elza   blockcode   dethe
Dustin Mitchell Mozilla cluster   djmitche
Erick Dransch   Modeller EkkiD
Eunsuk Kang   same-origin-policy    
Greg Wilson   web-server gvwilson
Guido van Rossum Dropbox crawler gvanrossum
A. Jesse Jiryu Davis MongoDB crawler ajdavis
Jessica Hamrick University of California, Berkeley sampler jhamrick
Leah Hanson Google static analysis astrieanna
Leo Zovic   event-web-framework    
Malini Das Twitch ci malini
Marina Samuel Mozilla ocr emtwo
Ned Batchelder edX templating engine nedbat
Santiago Perez De Rosso   same-origin-policy    
Taavi Burns Previously at Points, now at PagerDuty data-store taavi
Yoav Rubin Microsoft In-memory functional database yoavrubin

Technical Reviewers

Amber Yust Andrew Gwozdziewycz Andrew Kuchling
Andrew Svetlov Andy Shen Anton Beloglazov
Ben Trofatter Borys Pierov Carise Fernandez
Charles Stanhope Chris Atlee Chris Seaton
Cyryl Płotnicki-Chudyk Dan Langer Dan Shapiro
David Pokorny Eric Bouwers Frederic De Groef
Graham Lee Gregory Eric Sanderson James O'Beirne
Jan de Baat Jana Beck Jessica McKellar
Jo Van Eyck Joel Crocker Johan Thelin
Johannes Fürmann John Morrissey Joseph Kaptur
Josh Crompton Joshua T. Corbin Kevin Huang
Maggie Zhou Marc Towler Marcin Milewski
Marco Lancini Mark Reid Matthias Bussonnier
Max Mautner Meggin Kearney Mike Aquino
Natalie Black Nick Presta Nikhil Almeida
Nolan Prescott Paul Martin Piotr Banaszkiewicz
Preston Holmes Pulkit Sethi Rail Aliiev
Ronen Narkis Rose Ames Sina Jahan
Stefan Turalski William Lachance

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            "richText": "<article class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"><h1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"><em>500 Lines or Less</em></h1><a id=\"user-content-500-lines-or-less\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 500 Lines or Less\" href=\"#500-lines-or-less\"><svg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"></path></svg></a></div>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\"What I cannot create, I do not understand.\"</p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">-- Richard Feynman</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p dir=\"auto\">This is the source for the book <em>500 Lines or Less</em>, the fourth in the\n<a href=\"http://aosabook.org\" rel=\"nofollow\">Architecture of Open Source Applications</a> series.  As\nwith other books in the series, all written material will be covered by the\nCreative Commons - Attribution license, and all code by the MIT License: please\nsee the <a href=\"/aosabook/500lines/blob/master/LICENSE.md\">license description</a> for details.  In addition, all\nroyalties from paid-for versions will all go to Amnesty International.</p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">The production of this book has been made possible by the financial support of\n<a href=\"http://www.pagerduty.com/company/work-with-us/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PagerDuty</a>.</p>\n<p align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\">\n    <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/aosabook/500lines/raw/master/resource/pagerduty_logo.png\"><img src=\"https://github.com/aosabook/500lines/raw/master/resource/pagerduty_logo.png\" alt=\"PagerDuty Logo\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"></a>\n</p>\n<div class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"><h2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\">Mission</h2><a id=\"user-content-mission\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Mission\" href=\"#mission\"><svg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"></path></svg></a></div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Every architect studies family homes, apartments, schools, and other common\ntypes of buildings during her training.  Equally, every programmer ought to\nknow how a compiler turns text into instructions, how a spreadsheet updates\ncells, and how a database efficiently persists data.</p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Previous books in the AOSA series have done this by describing the high-level\narchitecture of several mature open-source projects. While the lessons learned\nfrom those stories are valuable, they are sometimes difficult to absorb for\nprogrammers who have not yet had to build anything at that scale.</p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\"500 Lines or Less\" focuses on the design decisions and tradeoffs that\nexperienced programmers make when they are writing code:</p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>Why divide the application into these particular modules with these\nparticular interfaces?</li>\n<li>Why use inheritance here and composition there?</li>\n<li>How do we predict where our program might need to be extended, and how can\nwe make that easy for other programmers?</li>\n</ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Each chapter consists of a walkthrough of a program that solves a canonical\nproblem in software engineering in at most 500 source lines of code. We hope\nthat the material in this book will help readers understand the varied\napproaches that engineers take when solving problems in different domains, and\nwill serve as a basis for projects that extend or modify the contributions\nhere.</p>\n<div class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"><h2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\">Contributors</h2><a id=\"user-content-contributors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributors\" href=\"#contributors\"><svg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"></path></svg></a></div>\n<markdown-accessiblity-table><table>\n  <tbody><tr>\n    <th>Name</th>\n    <th>Affiliation</th>\n    <th>Project</th>\n    <th>Online</th>\n    <th>GitHub</th>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Mike DiBernardo</td>\n    <td>Wave</td>\n    <td>editorial</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/mdibernardo\" rel=\"nofollow\">@mdibernardo</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"http://mikedebo.ca\" rel=\"nofollow\">mikedebo.ca</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/MichaelDiBernardo\">MichaelDiBernardo</a></td>\n  </tr>\n   <tr>\n    <td>Amy Brown</td>\n    <td>indie</td>\n    <td>editorial</td>\n    <td><ul dir=\"auto\"><li><a href=\"http://www.amyrbrown.ca/\" rel=\"nofollow\">amyrbrown.ca</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"http://www.twitter.com/amyrbrown\" rel=\"nofollow\">@amyrbrown</a></li></ul></td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/amyrbrown\">amyrbrown</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Allison Kaptur</td>\n    <td>Dropbox</td>\n    <td>byterun</td>\n    <td><ul dir=\"auto\"><li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/akaptur\" rel=\"nofollow\">@akaptur</a></li></ul></td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/akaptur\">akaptur</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Audrey Tang</td>\n    <td>g0v.tw, Socialtext, Apple</td>\n    <td>spreadsheet</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/audreyt\" rel=\"nofollow\">@audreyt</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/audreyt\">audreyt</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Brandon Rhodes</td>\n    <td>Dropbox</td>\n    <td>contingent</td>\n    <td><ul dir=\"auto\"><li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/brandon_rhodes\" rel=\"nofollow\">@brandon_rhodes</a></li></ul></td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/brandon-rhodes\">brandon-rhodes</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Carl Friedrich Bolz</td>\n    <td>King's College London</td>\n    <td>object model</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://cfbolz.de\" rel=\"nofollow\">cfbolz.de</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/cfbolz\" rel=\"nofollow\">@cfbolz</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/cfbolz\">cfbolz</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Cate Huston</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>Image Filter app</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://www.accidentallyincode.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.accidentallyincode.com/</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/catehstn\" rel=\"nofollow\">@catehstn</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/catehstn\">catehstn</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Christian Muise</td>\n    <td>University of Melbourne</td>\n    <td>flow-shop</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/cjmuise\" rel=\"nofollow\">@cjmuise</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/haz\">haz</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Daniel Jackson</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>same-origin-policy</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td> </td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Daniel Rocco</td>\n    <td>BrightLink Technology</td>\n    <td>contingent</td>\n    <td><ul dir=\"auto\"><li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/drocco007\" rel=\"nofollow\">@drocco007</a></li></ul></td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/drocco007\">drocco007</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Dann Toliver</td>\n    <td>Bento Box</td>\n    <td>dagoba</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://danntoliver.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">danntoliver.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/dann\" rel=\"nofollow\">@dann</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/dxnn\">dxnn</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Dessy Daskalov</td>\n    <td>Nudge Rewards</td>\n    <td>Pedometer</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://www.dessydaskalov.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.dessydaskalov.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/dess_e\" rel=\"nofollow\">@dess_e</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/dessy\">dessy</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Dethe Elza</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>blockcode</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/dethe\">dethe</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Dustin Mitchell</td>\n    <td>Mozilla</td>\n    <td>cluster</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/djmitche\">djmitche</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Erick Dransch</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>Modeller</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/ErickDransch\" rel=\"nofollow\">@ErickDransch</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/EkkiD\">EkkiD</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Eunsuk Kang</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>same-origin-policy</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td> </td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Greg Wilson</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>web-server</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/gvwilson\" rel=\"nofollow\">@gvwilson</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/gvwilson\">gvwilson</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Guido van Rossum</td>\n    <td>Dropbox</td>\n    <td>crawler</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/gvanrossum\" rel=\"nofollow\">@gvanrossum</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/gvanrossum\">gvanrossum</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>A. Jesse Jiryu Davis</td>\n    <td>MongoDB</td>\n    <td>crawler</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/jessejiryudavis\" rel=\"nofollow\">@jessejiryudavis</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/ajdavis\">ajdavis</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Jessica Hamrick</td>\n    <td>University of California, Berkeley</td>\n    <td>sampler</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://www.jesshamrick.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.jesshamrick.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/jhamrick\" rel=\"nofollow\">@jhamrick</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/jhamrick\">jhamrick</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Leah Hanson</td>\n    <td>Google</td>\n    <td>static analysis</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/astrieanna\" rel=\"nofollow\">@astrieanna</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/astrieanna\">astrieanna</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Leo Zovic</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>event-web-framework</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td> </td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Malini Das</td>\n    <td>Twitch</td>\n    <td>ci</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://malinidas.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">malinidas.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/malinidas\" rel=\"nofollow\">@malinidas</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/malini\">malini</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Marina Samuel</td>\n    <td>Mozilla</td>\n    <td>ocr</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://marinasamuel.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.marinasamuel.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/emtwos\" rel=\"nofollow\">@emtwos</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/emtwo\">emtwo</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Ned Batchelder</td>\n    <td>edX</td>\n    <td>templating engine</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"http://nedbatchelder.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">nedbatchelder.com</a></li>\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/nedbat\" rel=\"nofollow\">@nedbat</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/nedbat\">nedbat</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Santiago Perez De Rosso</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td>same-origin-policy</td>\n    <td> </td>\n    <td> </td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Taavi Burns</td>\n    <td>Previously at Points, now at PagerDuty</td>\n    <td>data-store</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/jaaaarel\" rel=\"nofollow\">@jaaaarel</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/taavi\">taavi</a></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Yoav Rubin</td>\n    <td>Microsoft</td>\n    <td>In-memory functional database</td>\n    <td>\n        <ul dir=\"auto\">\n            <li><a href=\"https://twitter.com/yoavrubin\" rel=\"nofollow\">@yoavrubin</a></li>\n        </ul>\n    </td>\n    <td><a href=\"https://github.com/yoavrubin\">yoavrubin</a></td>\n  </tr>\n</tbody></table></markdown-accessiblity-table>\n<div class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"><h2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\">Technical Reviewers</h2><a id=\"user-content-technical-reviewers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Technical Reviewers\" href=\"#technical-reviewers\"><svg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"></path></svg></a></div>\n<markdown-accessiblity-table><table>\n  <tbody><tr>\n    <td>Amber Yust</td>\n    <td>Andrew Gwozdziewycz</td>\n    <td>Andrew Kuchling</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Andrew Svetlov</td>\n    <td>Andy Shen</td>\n    <td>Anton Beloglazov</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Ben Trofatter</td>\n    <td>Borys Pierov</td>\n    <td>Carise Fernandez</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Charles Stanhope</td>\n    <td>Chris Atlee</td>\n    <td>Chris Seaton</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Cyryl Płotnicki-Chudyk</td>\n    <td>Dan Langer</td>\n    <td>Dan Shapiro</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>David Pokorny</td>\n    <td>Eric Bouwers</td>\n    <td>Frederic De Groef</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Graham Lee</td>\n    <td>Gregory Eric Sanderson</td>\n    <td>James O'Beirne</td>\n 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Corbin</td>\n    <td>Kevin Huang</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Maggie Zhou</td>\n    <td>Marc Towler</td>\n    <td>Marcin Milewski</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Marco Lancini</td>\n    <td>Mark Reid</td>\n    <td>Matthias Bussonnier</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Max Mautner</td>\n    <td>Meggin Kearney</td>\n    <td>Mike Aquino</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Natalie Black</td>\n    <td>Nick Presta</td>\n    <td>Nikhil Almeida</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Nolan Prescott</td>\n    <td>Paul Martin</td>\n    <td>Piotr Banaszkiewicz</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Preston Holmes</td>\n    <td>Pulkit Sethi</td>\n    <td>Rail Aliiev</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Ronen Narkis</td>\n    <td>Rose Ames</td>\n    <td>Sina Jahan</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Stefan Turalski</td>\n    <td>William Lachance</td>\n  </tr>\n</tbody></table></markdown-accessiblity-table>\n</article>",
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